Linking Environmental Degradation and Public Health in the Face of Climate Change: A Case Study of Mombasa County, Kenya

Abstract

Climate change and degradation of the environment have served as the key drivers to posing the greatest public health risks in modern times. This occurrence is mostly witnessed in developed and developing urban centers like Mombasa, Kenya. This review aims to explore a range of health impacts arising from climatic hazards that are induced through a constant shift in the patterns of climate change. Among such common climatic incidences include, flooding, air and water pollution, and rising temperatures. It highlights how waterborne diseases, vector-borne illnesses, respiratory conditions, and malnutrition are exacerbated by environmental stressors, particularly affecting vulnerable populations including children, the elderly, informal settlement dwellers, and fisherfolk. The research also delves on the existing interlinkages between ecological degradation and the prevalence of diseases therefore highlighting the socioeconomic inequalities, gendered vulnerabilities, and systemic feedback loops that reduce community resilience. A critical review of Kenya’s climate and public health policy landscape reveals existing gaps in enforcement, funding, and coordination. However, localized solutions-including community-based health initiatives, mangrove restoration, youth-led waste management, and digital health innovations-demonstrate potential for scalable and inclusive adaptation. The study concludes by recommending integrated climate-health strategies, improved intersectoral coordination, gender-sensitive planning, and enhanced public education to build long-term urban resilience. This paper provides actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and civil society actors committed to safeguarding public health in the face of environmental change.